Fetal echocardiography, commonly known as fetal echo, is a specialized type of ultrasound used to evaluate the heart of the fetus during pregnancy. This diagnostic procedure is typically performed during the second trimester, usually between 18 to 24 weeks of gestation, although it can be done earlier if needed. It is particularly recommended for pregnancies at increased risk of congenital heart defects, such as those where the mother has diabetes, a family history of heart conditions, or where previous ultrasounds have suggested a potential heart anomaly.
A fetal echo assesses the structure and function of the unborn baby’s heart. It examines the chambers, valves, and vessels of the heart, as well as the direction and speed of blood flow. The test is conducted using advanced ultrasound equipment that provides detailed images of the small, rapidly beating heart of the fetus. This allows doctors to detect heart abnormalities, measure the heart size, evaluate the functioning of the heart, and diagnose various congenital heart defects before birth.
The importance of fetal echocardiography lies in its ability to provide crucial information on the health of the fetus’s heart, enabling timely and well-informed decision-making regarding the necessary medical or surgical interventions post-birth. This proactive approach can significantly improve outcomes for newborns with identified cardiac concerns.